Research Note Linnworks

Apr 20

Executive Summary

Linnworks has established itself as a leading provider of cloud-based e-commerce operations software, offering comprehensive solutions for inventory and order management across multiple sales channels. The company's platform enables retailers to automate and centralize their operations, including inventory synchronization, order processing, warehouse management, and multichannel listings from a single interface. What distinguishes Linnworks technologically is its ability to seamlessly integrate with more than 100 marketplaces and e-commerce platforms, providing businesses with real-time visibility and control over their operations regardless of where they sell. The company's growth accelerated significantly after receiving a majority investment from Marlin Equity Partners, a global investment firm with over $7.6 billion in capital under management, which has enabled Linnworks to expand its product capabilities and global market presence. Linnworks further strengthened its market position through the strategic acquisition of SkuVault in 2022, combining their complementary technologies and expertise to create a more comprehensive solution for e-commerce retailers seeking to scale their operations efficiently across multiple sales channels and geographies.

Corporate Overview

Linnworks was founded as a solution for multichannel e-commerce businesses needing to efficiently manage operations across various online selling platforms. The company is headquartered in the United Kingdom, with additional offices across the United States following its merger with SkuVault. Linnworks operates as a private company, having received a majority growth investment from Marlin Equity Partners, which provided the capital necessary to accelerate product development and global expansion initiatives. This investment represented a significant vote of confidence in Linnworks' business model and growth potential, positioning the company to expand its market share in the competitive e-commerce operations software sector. The 2022 merger with SkuVault, another leading provider of inventory and warehouse management solutions, further strengthened Linnworks' position by combining complementary technologies and expertise to create a more comprehensive offering for e-commerce retailers.

Linnworks' business model is built on a subscription-based pricing structure, with tiered plans based on monthly order volume and additional charges for specialized modules and features. While specific revenue figures are not publicly disclosed, the company serves thousands of e-commerce retailers globally, with particular strength in markets across the United Kingdom, Europe, and North America. The company's customer base ranges from small independent sellers to large enterprise retailers processing thousands of orders daily across multiple sales channels and warehouse locations. Linnworks has been recognized within the industry for its robust feature set and integration capabilities, maintaining strong ratings on major software review platforms including G2 (4.3/5 stars based on 92 reviews) and SaaSworthy (4.6/5 stars based on 72 reviews), demonstrating strong customer satisfaction with the platform's capabilities and reliability.

Linnworks maintains an extensive ecosystem of technology partners and integrations, supporting connections with major e-commerce platforms (Shopify, BigCommerce), marketplaces (Amazon, eBay, Walmart), shipping carriers, payment processors, and accounting systems. These integrations create a centralized ecosystem that allows retailers to manage their entire e-commerce operations without switching between multiple platforms. The company's implementation approach combines self-service capabilities with professional support options, including dedicated onboarding specialists for new customers and ongoing technical support through multiple channels including live chat, email, and phone assistance. This comprehensive support infrastructure helps ensure successful platform adoption and ongoing value realization for customers with varying levels of technical expertise and operational complexity.

Market Analysis

The global e-commerce software market continues to expand rapidly, driven by the ongoing shift to online shopping and the increasing complexity of multichannel retail operations. E-commerce businesses face growing challenges in managing inventory, orders, and fulfillment across multiple sales channels, creating strong demand for integrated software solutions that can provide centralized control and automation. Linnworks operates within this expanding market, competing with various inventory and order management platforms including ChannelAdvisor, Brightpearl (now part of Sage), Sellbrite, and OrderWise, along with broader e-commerce enablement platforms and marketplace-specific solutions. The company's primary competitive advantages include its comprehensive integration capabilities, flexible configuration options, and strong multichannel inventory synchronization features that help prevent costly inventory discrepancies and overselling scenarios.

The e-commerce operations software sector is characterized by increasing emphasis on automation, real-time data visibility, and seamless integration between sales channels and operational systems. Retailers are seeking solutions that can eliminate manual processes, reduce errors, and provide actionable insights to optimize inventory management and fulfillment operations. Linnworks has positioned its platform to address these requirements through features such as automated order routing, inventory forecasting, and centralized reporting that provides visibility across all sales channels. The company's acquisition of SkuVault has further strengthened its warehouse management capabilities, adding advanced features for physical inventory control including barcode scanning, quality control processes, and warehouse organization that complement Linnworks' traditional strengths in order management and channel integration.

Linnworks' primary target customers include established e-commerce retailers selling through multiple channels, with particular traction among businesses processing between 500 and 10,000 orders monthly. These organizations typically struggle with the complexity of managing operations across various platforms without a centralized system, experiencing challenges with inventory synchronization, order processing efficiency, and data visibility. The company has demonstrated strong results in various retail sectors including apparel, consumer electronics, home goods, and specialty retail, with customers reporting significant operational improvements after implementation. Case studies highlight achievements such as processing 6x more orders without increasing staff, reducing overselling incidents by up to 95%, and improving inventory accuracy to nearly 100%, demonstrating the tangible business impact of centralizing e-commerce operations through the Linnworks platform.

The e-commerce operations software market continues to evolve with increasing emphasis on artificial intelligence for demand forecasting, deeper integration with fulfillment networks, and enhanced analytics for operational optimization. As e-commerce becomes more competitive, retailers seek software that not only manages operations but also provides strategic insights to improve customer experience and operational efficiency. Linnworks appears positioned to capitalize on these trends through its ongoing platform development, with recent enhancements focused on forecasting capabilities, automated workflows, and expanded integration options. The company's pricing model, which scales based on order volume rather than user count, provides flexibility for growing businesses while potentially offering cost advantages compared to competitors with user-based licensing models, particularly for organizations with multiple team members requiring system access.

Product Analysis

Linnworks offers a comprehensive e-commerce operations platform centered around four core capabilities: inventory management, order processing, multichannel listings, and warehouse management, all delivered through a cloud-based interface that provides real-time visibility and control. The inventory management functionality serves as the foundation of the platform, providing centralized tracking across multiple sales channels and physical locations with automated synchronization to prevent overselling. This capability includes features for stock level management, product variants, bundled products, supplier management, and purchase order processing that help optimize stock levels and improve cash flow. The order management capabilities automate the order lifecycle from initial capture through fulfillment and shipping, with features for order routing, status updates, invoice generation, and customer communications that streamline operations and ensure consistent customer service across all sales channels.

The platform's multichannel listing capabilities enable retailers to create, manage, and update product listings across numerous marketplaces and web stores from a centralized interface, eliminating the need to manually maintain separate listings on each platform. This functionality includes bulk listing creation, template-based listing management, automated price updates, and stock level synchronization that ensure consistent product information and availability across all sales channels. Following the acquisition of SkuVault, Linnworks has enhanced its warehouse management capabilities with features for physical inventory control, including barcode scanning, bin location tracking, pick/pack/ship workflows, and quality control processes that improve accuracy and efficiency in the fulfillment process. These warehouse capabilities are tightly integrated with the inventory and order management features, providing end-to-end visibility and control throughout the order fulfillment process.

Linnworks' technical architecture is built on a cloud-native platform that provides accessibility from any internet-connected device while eliminating the need for on-premises infrastructure or complex IT management. The system offers both web-based and desktop interfaces, with the web-based Linnworks.net serving as the primary platform for most users while the desktop version provides additional capabilities for specific advanced functions. The platform employs a centralized database architecture that maintains a single source of truth for all inventory, order, and product information, with real-time synchronization across all connected sales channels and warehouse locations. This architectural approach ensures data consistency and accuracy while enabling automated workflows that span multiple functional areas and sales channels without manual intervention or data reconciliation.

Integration capabilities represent a core strength of the Linnworks platform, with over 100 pre-built connectors for major e-commerce platforms, marketplaces, shipping carriers, payment processors, and accounting systems. These integrations enable automated data flow throughout the e-commerce ecosystem, eliminating the need for manual data entry and ensuring consistent information across all systems. The platform provides multiple integration approaches including standard API connections, channel-specific adapters, and data import/export tools to accommodate various technical requirements and partner capabilities. Linnworks' reporting and analytics functionality provides real-time visibility into key metrics across sales channels and operational areas, with customizable dashboards, standard reports, and data export capabilities that support both operational monitoring and strategic decision-making. The platform's forecasting module adds more sophisticated demand prediction capabilities that help optimize inventory levels and purchasing decisions based on historical sales patterns and seasonal trends.

Technical Architecture

Linnworks' technical architecture is built on a cloud-native foundation that delivers scalability, reliability, and accessibility for e-commerce operations of varying sizes and complexity. The platform employs a multi-tier architecture that separates the presentation layer (user interface), business logic layer, and data access layer, enabling optimal performance and efficient resource utilization. Data is stored in a centralized database that maintains comprehensive information about products, inventory, orders, customers, and operations, with robust security measures to protect sensitive business and customer information. The cloud-based delivery model provides several key advantages for e-commerce retailers, including reduced infrastructure requirements, automatic updates, consistent performance regardless of user count, and global accessibility that supports distributed teams and multiple warehouse locations.

The platform offers multiple access methods to accommodate different user preferences and operational requirements. The primary interface is the web-based Linnworks.net platform, which provides comprehensive functionality through any modern web browser without requiring local software installation. For certain advanced functions and high-volume operations, Linnworks also offers a desktop application that provides enhanced performance and specialized capabilities. Mobile access is available through responsive web design, providing essential functionality for warehouse operations and on-the-go management. This flexible approach ensures that users can access the system in the way that best suits their specific role and working environment, whether managing operations from an office, warehouse floor, or remote location.

Integration architecture is a critical component of the Linnworks platform, with multiple mechanisms for connecting with external systems and services. The platform provides standardized API connections using both REST and SOAP protocols, channel-specific adapters for major marketplaces and e-commerce platforms, and data import/export tools for batch processing and system migrations. These integration capabilities enable automated data flow between Linnworks and the broader e-commerce ecosystem, including sales channels, shipping carriers, payment processors, accounting systems, and ERP platforms. The integration architecture includes robust error handling, data validation, and synchronization mechanisms to ensure reliable communication between systems even in complex multi-channel environments with varying data formats and requirements.

The platform's operational architecture includes comprehensive automation capabilities that reduce manual processes and ensure consistent operations. Workflow engines manage order processing rules, inventory updates, and fulfillment processes based on configurable business logic and triggers. Event-driven architecture enables real-time responses to changes in orders, inventory, or channel status, ensuring timely updates across all connected systems. The platform's security architecture implements multiple protection layers, including secure authentication, role-based access controls, data encryption, and comprehensive audit logging of system activities. These architectural elements combine to deliver a reliable, secure platform that can adapt to the unique requirements of different e-commerce businesses while maintaining performance and data integrity across multiple sales channels and operational areas.

Strengths

Linnworks' primary strength lies in its comprehensive multichannel management capabilities that enable retailers to centralize operations across numerous sales platforms from a single interface. The platform's ability to synchronize inventory, orders, and product information across more than 100 integrated marketplaces and e-commerce platforms eliminates data silos and manual reconciliation processes that plague many multichannel retailers. This integration depth extends beyond basic marketplaces to include specialized platforms, shipping carriers, payment processors, and accounting systems, creating a truly connected ecosystem for all e-commerce operations. By providing this centralized control, Linnworks enables retailers to expand to new channels and markets without proportionally increasing operational complexity or staffing requirements, supporting sustainable business growth. These capabilities are particularly valuable for organizations selling through a mix of their own websites, major marketplaces like Amazon and eBay, and specialized channels, as they provide consistent visibility and process management across all sales platforms.

The platform's automation capabilities represent another significant strength, with features that eliminate manual processes throughout the order fulfillment cycle. Automated order routing directs orders to appropriate fulfillment locations based on inventory availability, shipping preferences, and business rules, reducing processing time and eliminating manual decision-making. Inventory synchronization automatically updates stock levels across all sales channels based on purchases, returns, and stock movements, preventing overselling and inventory discrepancies. Workflow engines enable custom automation sequences based on specific triggers and conditions, allowing retailers to implement their unique business processes without custom programming. These automation capabilities address critical pain points for growing e-commerce businesses, replacing error-prone manual processes with consistent, reliable workflows that scale with increasing order volumes and channel complexity.

Following the acquisition of SkuVault, Linnworks has significantly enhanced its warehouse management capabilities, adding sophisticated physical inventory control features to complement its traditional strengths in digital order management. The combined platform now provides advanced features for warehouse organization, barcode scanning, batch picking, quality control, and inventory auditing that improve accuracy and efficiency in the fulfillment process. Retailers can track inventory at the bin location level, implement cycle counting processes, manage product kitting, and optimize pick paths to reduce fulfillment times and labor costs. These warehouse capabilities are tightly integrated with the inventory and order management functions, providing end-to-end visibility and control throughout the order fulfillment process. This comprehensive approach eliminates the need for separate systems for digital and physical operations, reducing integration complexity and ensuring data consistency throughout the order lifecycle.

The platform's reporting and analytics capabilities provide actionable insights across all sales channels and operational areas, enabling data-driven decision-making for inventory management, purchasing, channel strategy, and fulfillment optimization. Real-time dashboards display key performance metrics including sales by channel, inventory levels, fulfillment status, and shipping performance, providing immediate visibility into operational health. Historical reporting enables trend analysis across time periods, channels, and product categories, identifying opportunities for improvement and optimization. The forecasting module adds predictive capabilities for demand planning and inventory optimization, helping retailers maintain optimal stock levels while minimizing excess inventory and stockouts. These analytics capabilities transform operational data into strategic insights that help retailers optimize performance across channels, improve customer satisfaction, and maximize profitability in competitive e-commerce markets.

Weaknesses

Despite Linnworks' comprehensive functionality, the platform's user interface has received some criticism for complexity and learning curve, particularly for new users managing operations across multiple sales channels and warehouse locations. Some customers report that training new staff can be challenging, with numerous features and configuration options requiring time to master fully. This complexity is somewhat inevitable given the platform's extensive capabilities, but it may present adoption challenges for smaller organizations with limited training resources or frequent staff turnover. The web-based interface, while accessible from anywhere, may not provide the same performance and responsiveness as the desktop application for high-volume operations, requiring users to switch between interfaces for certain advanced functions. These usability considerations are most significant during initial implementation and for organizations with users who interact with the system infrequently, highlighting the importance of effective training and change management programs.

While Linnworks offers extensive integration capabilities, some customers report challenges with certain specialized integrations or custom connection requirements. The standard integration library covers most common e-commerce platforms and services, but retailers with niche systems or unique requirements may need custom development work to achieve full integration. Integration maintenance can also require ongoing attention as external platforms update their APIs or change functionality, occasionally requiring updates to maintain connectivity. The platform's reporting capabilities, while robust for operational metrics, may not match the sophistication of dedicated business intelligence platforms for advanced analytics use cases, potentially requiring additional tools for complex data analysis and visualization. These integration and reporting limitations are most relevant for enterprise-level retailers with complex systems landscapes or specialized analytical requirements.

Linnworks' pricing model, which is based primarily on order volume with additional charges for specialized modules and features, can create cost challenges for some retailers, particularly those with high order volumes but thin profit margins. The total investment includes subscription costs that increase with order volume, implementation services, and ongoing support, representing a significant operational expense that must be justified through efficiency improvements and business growth. While this pricing approach aligns costs with business scale, it can create budgeting challenges during peak seasons or rapid growth periods when order volumes temporarily spike. The ongoing evolution of the platform following the SkuVault acquisition has created some transitional challenges as the companies integrate their technologies and operations, with some customers reporting inconsistencies in documentation and support experiences during this period. These factors highlight the importance of careful cost-benefit analysis during the platform selection process, particularly for retailers operating with limited budgets or variable order volumes.

As a cloud-based system, Linnworks requires reliable internet connectivity for full functionality, which may present challenges for retailers operating in locations with limited or inconsistent network infrastructure. While some functions are available offline in the desktop application, core features for real-time inventory synchronization and order processing depend on cloud connectivity. The platform's development priorities naturally focus on the most common use cases and integrations, which may leave some specialized industry requirements or niche marketplace connections with less comprehensive support compared to major channels like Amazon and eBay. Retailers in unique industry segments or selling through specialized platforms may need to supplement Linnworks with additional tools for certain functions or marketplaces. These limitations are most relevant for organizations with challenging operational environments or highly specialized business models, and may require specific mitigation strategies during implementation planning.

Client Voice

Multichannel retailers implementing Linnworks consistently report significant improvements in operational efficiency and inventory accuracy across their sales channels. A UK-based consumer electronics retailer described how the platform enabled them to increase order volumes by 6x in Europe without proportional staff increases, crediting Linnworks' automation capabilities and configurable architecture for this scalability. E-commerce businesses particularly value the platform's ability to provide a single source of truth for inventory and orders across all sales channels, eliminating the data discrepancies and manual reconciliation that previously consumed significant staff time and created customer service challenges. The platform's automated order routing, status updates, and fulfillment workflows receive consistent praise for reducing processing times and ensuring consistent customer communications regardless of sales channel. Implementation timelines typically range from 2-6 weeks depending on complexity, with most clients achieving positive ROI within 3-6 months through improved operational efficiency, reduced overselling incidents, and enhanced inventory utilization.

Warehouse operations managers highlight Linnworks' physical inventory management capabilities as critical factors in improving fulfillment accuracy and efficiency. After implementing the system, one apparel retailer reported achieving nearly 100% inventory accuracy through barcode scanning and bin location tracking, virtually eliminating mis-picks and shipping errors that had previously impacted customer satisfaction. Organizations with multiple warehouse locations particularly appreciate the platform's ability to manage inventory across facilities, dynamically routing orders based on product availability and shipping considerations to optimize fulfillment times and costs. The bin location management, batch picking, and quality control capabilities receive specific praise for improving warehouse organization and reducing fulfillment times, with several clients reporting 30-50% reductions in order processing times after implementation. These warehouse management capabilities have become even more robust following the SkuVault acquisition, combining strengths from both platforms to create comprehensive physical inventory control.

Growing e-commerce businesses emphasize Linnworks' role in enabling channel expansion without proportional increases in operational complexity or staffing requirements. A specialty retailer selling home goods across multiple channels described how the platform allowed them to add three new marketplaces within six months while maintaining existing staff levels, creating significant revenue growth without corresponding operational cost increases. Businesses expanding internationally particularly value the platform's multi-currency, multi-language, and multi-marketplace capabilities that support global sales operations from a single interface. The ability to create and manage listings across multiple channels receives consistent praise for eliminating the redundant work previously required to maintain separate listings on each platform. Several clients also highlight the platform's purchase order and supplier management capabilities as valuable tools for optimizing inventory investments and ensuring timely stock replenishment based on actual sales performance across channels.

Across all client segments, the quality and responsiveness of Linnworks' support services emerge as important factors in successful implementations and ongoing operations. While some clients reported transitional support challenges following the SkuVault acquisition, most describe positive experiences with the platform's support teams, particularly for issue resolution and technical guidance. Many clients emphasize the importance of thorough initial training and configuration to realize the platform's full potential, with several recommending professional implementation assistance for complex deployments. The most successful implementations typically involve dedicated internal resources working closely with Linnworks' specialists to configure the platform for specific business requirements and integrate it with existing systems. Clients consistently recommend a phased approach to implementation, starting with core inventory and order management functions before expanding to more advanced features and additional sales channels as the organization builds familiarity with the platform.

Bottom Line

Linnworks stands as a comprehensive e-commerce operations platform that effectively addresses the challenges of multichannel retail through centralized inventory management, order processing, and fulfillment capabilities. The platform's greatest strength lies in its ability to unify operations across numerous sales channels, providing a single source of truth for inventory levels, order status, and product information that eliminates the data silos and manual reconciliation processes that plague many multichannel retailers. With more than 100 integrations spanning marketplaces, web stores, shipping carriers, and operational systems, Linnworks creates a connected ecosystem that enables efficient management of the entire order lifecycle from initial sale through fulfillment and customer service. This integration depth, combined with extensive automation capabilities, allows retailers to expand to new channels and markets without proportional increases in operational complexity or staffing requirements, supporting sustainable business growth in competitive e-commerce environments.

The platform is best suited for established e-commerce retailers selling through multiple channels, with particular value for businesses processing between 500 and 10,000 orders monthly across marketplaces like Amazon and eBay along with their own web stores. These organizations typically struggle with inventory synchronization, order processing efficiency, and fulfillment accuracy across channels, challenges that Linnworks directly addresses through its centralized approach and automation capabilities. The 2022 merger with SkuVault has further strengthened the platform's warehouse management capabilities, adding sophisticated physical inventory control features that complement its traditional strengths in digital order management. This comprehensive approach eliminates the need for separate systems for digital and physical operations, reducing integration complexity and ensuring data consistency throughout the order lifecycle.

A successful Linnworks implementation typically requires dedicated project resources for configuration, integration, and training, with professional implementation assistance recommended for complex deployments. Organizations should budget for the subscription costs based on anticipated order volumes, implementation services, and potential customization for specialized requirements or integrations. Implementation timelines range from 2-6 weeks depending on complexity, with most clients achieving positive ROI within 3-6 months through improved operational efficiency, reduced inventory discrepancies, and enhanced fulfillment accuracy. The most successful implementations follow a phased approach, starting with core inventory and order management functions before expanding to more advanced features and additional sales channels as the organization builds familiarity with the platform.

For e-commerce businesses evaluating operations platforms, Linnworks' combination of comprehensive multichannel management, inventory control, and order processing capabilities deserves serious consideration, particularly for organizations struggling with the complexity of managing operations across various platforms without a centralized system. While the platform's pricing model and potential learning curve should be carefully evaluated against business requirements and resources, the long-term value through operational improvements, reduced errors, and enhanced scalability typically delivers strong return on investment for organizations that fully leverage the platform's capabilities. As e-commerce continues to evolve with increasing channel diversity and customer expectations, Linnworks provides the centralized control and automation needed to manage operations efficiently across the digital commerce ecosystem.

Strategic Planning Assumptions

Because multichannel commerce complexity continues to increase through marketplace proliferation and evolving consumer shopping behaviors, by 2026, 75% of mid-sized e-commerce retailers will migrate to centralized operations platforms like Linnworks, with those implementing such systems achieving 40% higher revenue growth compared to competitors using disparate point solutions for each sales channel. (Probability: 0.80)
Because automation has become critical for scaling e-commerce operations efficiently, by 2027, retailers using Linnworks' automated workflow capabilities will process 60% more orders per employee compared to those using manual processes, enabling profitable growth while maintaining lean operational teams even during seasonal peaks and market expansion. (Probability: 0.85)
Because accurate inventory visibility across channels represents the foundation of successful multichannel retail, by 2026, Linnworks' enhanced inventory synchronization capabilities will reduce overselling incidents by 90% and improve inventory turnover by 35% for retailers implementing the platform, creating significant competitive advantages through improved customer satisfaction and operational efficiency. (Probability: 0.75)
Because warehouse efficiency directly impacts fulfillment speed and accuracy, by 2025, retailers leveraging Linnworks' enhanced warehouse management capabilities following the SkuVault acquisition will reduce fulfillment times by 45% while improving order accuracy to 99.8%, enabling them to meet increasing consumer expectations for rapid, error-free delivery across all sales channels. (Probability: 0.80)
Because data-driven decision making is becoming a competitive necessity in e-commerce, by 2027, Linnworks will enhance its analytics and forecasting capabilities to incorporate artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms that improve forecast accuracy by 50% and inventory optimization by 40% compared to traditional statistical forecasting approaches. (Probability: 0.70)
Because integration between e-commerce systems remains a critical requirement for operational efficiency, by 2025, Linnworks' integration framework will expand to include over 200 pre-built connectors and low-code integration tools that reduce custom development costs by 65% and implementation times by 40% for organizations with complex systems landscapes. (Probability: 0.75)
Because mobile capabilities are increasingly important for warehouse and fulfillment operations, by 2026, 90% of Linnworks implementations will include mobile-first interfaces for warehouse staff, reducing training time by 50% and improving productivity by 35% compared to traditional desktop-based systems, particularly for operations with high staff turnover or seasonal workforce fluctuations. (Probability: 0.80)
Because sustainability and efficient returns management have become strategic priorities, by 2027, Linnworks will enhance its returns management capabilities to include automated disposition decisions, refurbishment tracking, and sustainability metrics that reduce returns processing costs by 45% while improving inventory recovery rates by 30%. (Probability: 0.65)
Because cross-border e-commerce represents a significant growth opportunity, by 2026, Linnworks will expand its international capabilities to provide comprehensive support for global compliance, duties calculation, and localized fulfillment that reduces cross-border shipping costs by 25% and regulatory compliance issues by 80% for retailers expanding internationally. (Probability: 0.70)
Because implementation quality directly impacts platform value realization, by 2025, Linnworks will implement an enhanced onboarding program with industry-specific templates, guided implementation workflows, and automated data migration tools that reduce implementation time by 35% while improving initial user adoption rates by 60%, accelerating time-to-value for new customers. (Probability: 0.75)

David Wright https://www.fourester.com