A Comprehensive List of Quantum Chip Manufacturers
Key Issue: Who is making quantum chips ?
Google (Alphabet) - Utilizes superconducting quantum circuits for their quantum processors, including the recently announced "Willow" chip with 105 qubits that employs advanced error mitigation techniques; Google's chips are fabricated at their dedicated quantum research facility in Santa Barbara.
Intel - Focuses on silicon-based quantum computing using spin qubits, leveraging their extensive semiconductor manufacturing expertise; their "Tunnel Falls" 12-qubit chip uses modified versions of traditional silicon fabrication techniques with the goal of eventual large-scale production.
Rigetti Computing - Manufactures superconducting quantum processors at their own quantum foundry, developing unique multi-chip module architectures to address scalability challenges; their chips include the Aspen series processors.
IonQ - Creates trapped-ion quantum processors where individual atoms are suspended in electromagnetic fields and manipulated with lasers, offering high-fidelity operations and longer coherence times than many other approaches.
Quantinuum (formerly Honeywell Quantum Solutions + Cambridge Quantum Computing) - Builds trapped-ion quantum processors with their H-series chips, focusing on high-quality qubits with industry-leading quantum volume metrics.
PsiQuantum - Developing photonic quantum processors using silicon photonics, manufacturing specialized optical components that can operate as qubits at room temperature; claims to be producing millions of photonic components for their planned large-scale quantum system.
Xanadu - Creates photonic quantum processors that use squeezed states of light as qubits, with their latest chips incorporating on-chip generation of quantum states and programmable photonic circuits.
China Telecom Quantum Group - Manufactures superconducting quantum processors in China, recently announcing their "Xiaohong" 504-qubit chip that powers the "Tianyan-504" quantum computer.
QuantWare - Positions itself as a quantum processor supplier (rather than a full-system provider), manufacturing superconducting quantum processors that can be integrated into systems built by other companies.
SEEQC - Develops digital superconducting quantum chips with integrated classical control electronics, focusing on creating application-specific quantum computing systems.
SpinQ Technology - Manufactures nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) quantum processors for educational quantum computers and is developing superconducting quantum technology for larger-scale systems.
D-Wave Systems - Manufactures quantum annealing processors using superconducting flux qubits, with their latest Advantage system containing over 5,000 qubits; these specialized processors are designed specifically for optimization problems rather than general-purpose quantum computing.
Origin Quantum (OriginQ) - A Chinese quantum computing company developing superconducting quantum processors and complete quantum computing systems for research and commercial applications.
Nord Quantique - Focused on error-corrected superconducting quantum chips with a unique approach to quantum error correction called "bosonic codes" that aims to produce more resilient qubits.
Equal1 - Develops silicon-based quantum processors that operate at higher temperatures than traditional superconducting systems, integrating quantum and classical components on the same chip to reduce system complexity.
Quantum Motion - Creates silicon quantum processors using standard CMOS manufacturing processes, recently demonstrating high-fidelity qubit operations on chips fabricated at commercial foundries.
QuTech (collaboration between TU Delft and TNO) - Develops both superconducting and silicon spin qubit processors, with a focus on creating scalable quantum computing architectures.
Alpine Quantum Technologies - Builds trapped-ion quantum processors in Europe with a focus on high-coherence qubits and scalable trap designs.
Quantum Brilliance - Manufactures diamond-based quantum processors that can operate at room temperature using nitrogen-vacancy centers in synthetic diamond as qubits.
TuringQ - A Chinese quantum computing company developing optical quantum processors, including a 3D optical quantum chip and high-speed programmable optical quantum components.
Archer Materials - Developing a room-temperature quantum computing chip called 12CQ based on carbon nanospheres, partnering with GlobalFoundries for fabrication.
SQC (Silicon Quantum Computing) - An Australian company creating silicon-based quantum chips using atomically precise manufacturing techniques to position individual phosphorus atoms in silicon.
Quantum Computing Inc. (QCI) - Building photonic quantum processors with a focus on ready-to-run quantum computing systems for specific application areas.
ParityQC - Designs quantum processor architectures with a unique approach to qubit connectivity that aims to simplify error correction and scaling.
Riverlane - Developing control systems and quantum error correction chips to improve the performance of various quantum hardware platforms.
QSi (Quantum Silicon Inc.) - Creates quantum accelerators using advanced atomic-scale manufacturing techniques for room-temperature quantum processing.
Ephos - Manufactures glass-based photonic quantum chips supported by NATO, focusing on producing quantum infrastructure components solely in the US and Europe for security applications.
SEALSQ - Develops post-quantum cryptographic chips designed to protect critical infrastructure against future quantum decryption threats, partnering with electronics manufacturers to develop customized quantum-resistant security chips.
Horizon Quantum Computing - Creates specialized quantum processing units optimized for quantum algorithm acceleration, focusing on the software-hardware interface.
Oxford Quantum Circuits - Manufactures superconducting quantum processors with a three-dimensional architecture called "Coaxmon" that aims to reduce noise and improve coherence times.
QuEra Computing - Builds neutral atom quantum processors that use arrays of individually trapped atoms manipulated by lasers, offering flexibility in qubit arrangement and connectivity.
Orange Quantum Systems - While primarily focused on testing equipment for quantum chips, they also develop specialized quantum components and collaborate with manufacturers to improve quantum chip designs.
Universal Quantum - Developing modular trapped-ion quantum processors that can operate at higher temperatures than other quantum systems, reducing cooling requirements.